Proof Your Heart

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Approximately one of four children experience delays in speech and need help so that therapy can help her speak. What are the signs of children who are late to talk?

The age of two years some children can already speak simple sentences, some words just can assemble a simple yet been understood to communicate.

There are several steps that can be used as guidance in knowing the baby’s ability to speak.

1. 3-month-old baby
When this age babies listen to the words that other people say and pay attention to her expression. Sometimes babies like the sound of more women than men. There is nothing wrong with the baby’s vocalizations stimulate more often listen to the music.

2. Babies aged 6 months
At this age babies begin to babble with different voices, like say ‘ba-ba’ or ‘da-da’. As the end of the age of 6 months, babies can respond to its own name, to recognize his mother language and tone of voice used to tell if the baby is happy or sad. Chatter that occurs during this age is still composed of random syllables without any meaning.

3. 9-month-old baby
After 9 months of age, babies begin to understand some basic words like ‘no’, ‘yes’ or ‘bye-bye’. In addition, infants also start to use more consonants.

4. 12-month-old baby
Average baby can say a few simple words like ‘mama’ or ‘chest’ at the end of 12 months of age and understand what he said. At this age babies begin to respond, or at least understand what other people talk.

5. 18-month-old baby
Babies at this age begin to say a minimum of 10 simple words, pointing to a person or thing and begin to recognize the names of body parts. When this age babies are often repeated by simply saying the last syllable.

6. Infants aged 2 years
At this age infants begin to say two to four words in the pronunciation and is more clearly the meaning of words.

7. Infants aged 3 years. 3-year-old baby vocabulary growing rapidly and could speak a few words, though not quite correct sentence structure.

According to Dr. Aditya when children have not been able to talk to a variety of reasons:
First, and most common is the lack of communication to the child. Children rarely talk to or teach more than one language daily that makes children become confused.

Second, is the delay due to the weakness of the motor nerve to talk to talk. Usually this will need special training and is expected child will be able to speak after special training.

Third, is the son of late to talk because there are other diseases such as mental retardation or autism, in this case not only delays the child to speak, but also late in the personal social and child can not communicate with their environment.

Leslie Rescorla, PhD, director of the Child Study Institute at Bryn Mawr College launched from Parenting, Saturday (07/08/2010), the time is right for children to get professional help is at the age of 2.5 years. Because if at that age children already get help, then the child can still catch up.

A trial brigade fumes above the load.

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Public awareness of health issues is still very low. Good health yourself, your family, and environmental health. Therefore, health education needs to be done that could give an explanation to the public about the importance of health.

Health education is the educational activities carried out by spreading the message, instill confidence, so that people not only aware, know and understand, but also willing and able to make a suggestion that has to do with health.

Health education is a combination of activities and opportunities that are based on the principles of learning to achieve a situation, where individuals, families, groups or society as a whole wants to live healthy, know how and do what can be done.

Several factors need to be taken to ensure that health education can achieve the objective, namely:

* Education Level

Education can affect a person’s perspective on new information received. So it can be said that the higher the level of education, the easier a person receives information he gets.

* Socio-Economic Level

The higher the socioeconomic level of a person, the easier it in receiving new information.

* Customs

Our society is still highly appreciated and considered custom as something that should not be ignored.

* Community Trust

Community paid more attention to the information conveyed by people they already know, because there has been a transmitter of social trust information.

* Availability of Time in Community

Time to deliver information society must pay attention to activity levels to ensure the attendance of the community in education.

The method can be used in providing health education, among others:

* Lecture Method

One way of explaining an idea, understanding or verbal messages to a group of targets so as to obtain information about health.

* Method Discussion Group

Planned and discussed which have been prepared on a topic with a discussion leader who has been appointed.

* Brainstorming Method

A form of problem solving in which each member suggested the possibility of solving all problems that occur to each participant, and the evaluation of the opinions that have been done later.

* Method of Panel

Talks have been planned in front of visitors or participants about a topic, you need three or more panelists with a leader.

* Method Acting

Portray a situation in human life with no exercise was held, conducted by two people or in more for use as food for thought by the group.

* Method Demonstration

One way to demonstrate understanding, ideas and procedures about something that has been prepared to show how to perform an action, a scene using visual aids. This method is used against groups that are not too large in number.

* Methods Symposium

A series of lectures given by two to five people with excessive topic but closely related to each other.

* Method Seminar

One way in which a group of people gathered to discuss a problem under the guidance of an expert who mastered his field.

Health education aimed at changing health behavior is not easily made public. Changing behavior requires awareness, and require a lengthy process. Therefore, health professionals in the field should not be bored doing much less desperate health counseling. The impact will be aware the community about healthy living, so they will participate in the process of health development.

Medical Anthropology is a discipline that gives attention to those aspects of biological and socio-culture of human behavior, particularly about ways of interaction between the two throughout the history of human life, which affect health and disease in humans.

Medical anthropology helps to learn from all socio-cultural communities relating to sick and healthy as a center of culture, including:

(1) Illness associated with trust (misfortunes)

(2) In some communities misfortunes caused by supernatural forces and the supernatural, or witches

(3) Group ‘healers’ found in different forms in each community group

(4) has the role as healer healers

(5) As for the attention of a being ‘sick’ or ‘illness’ was not individually, especially the “illness and sickness” in the family or the community.

If likened to as a liability, then the main task of medical anthropologists such as: how individuals in society have the perception and react to the “ill” and how the types of health services that will be chosen, is to know about the cultural and social conditions in the neighborhood.

There are several relating to the anthropology of science and contribute to each other in contributing to the development of other sciences. For example in the fields of biology, medical anthropology describes the technique and the discovery of medical sciences and its variations, including microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, parasitology, pathology, nutrition, and epidemiology.

This makes it possible to connect between the biological changes that can be obtained using these techniques to social factors and culture in a particular community. Examples: albinism hereditary disease in an area in East Nusa Tenggara is transmitted through a recessive gene because the marriage between family members.

In general, medical anthropology continues to contribute to other health sciences as follows:

(1) Provide a way of looking at society as a whole, including the individual. Where is the proper perspective will be able to provide an appropriate contribution in improving the welfare of a society with still relies on the roots of personality that builds community.

Examples of systems approach, holistic, emic, relativism, which became the rationale of anthropology can be used to help solve community problems and develop a better situation.

(2) To provide an operationally useful model to describe the process of socio-cultural field of health.

(3) Contribution to the research methods and research results. Both in formulating an appropriate approach and also helps the analysis and interpretation of the results of a condition in the community.

There are several sciences that contribute to health anthropology, among others:

(1) Physical Anthropology / biological / physical, Example: nutrition affects the growth, shape, variety of diseases. It is also studying the evolution of disease as a result of cultural factors, migration and urbanization.

(2) Etnomedisin, initially learned about the treatment in the community are still considered to be primitive or traditional, although in the further development of these stereotypes must be avoided because traditional medicine has not always been retarded or wrong.

(3) Personality and culture, is the observation of human behavior in various parts of the world. For example: treatment of schizophrenia in a region to find the right treatment can be used to evaluate the treatment patterns of the same disease.

(4) Public Health, where several health programs in collaboration with anthropologists to explain the relationship between health beliefs and practices.

Sociology is the science which studies the interaction between a person living with someone, an individual with a faction, or group by group. There are two main elements in sociology, human and social relationships (community). Sociology is a branch of social science which formerly descended on the philosophy of science.

So the main points of sociology mind can not be separated from the thinking of experts who reviewed the philosophy of the community. Sociology has a very broad field of study, among others, Industrial Sociology, Sociology of Law, Sociology of Education, Urban Sociology, Rural Sociology, Sociology of Health, and others.

Sociology of health is a relatively new branch of sociology. Is its predecessor and is still closely linked with this knowledge, in the past known medical sociology, which also became a branch of sociology.

The development of medical sociology began to realize that human health is not merely physical but also mental and social condition of a person. In this science known some of the terms show the contribution or the role of sociology in the field of health, namely:

(1) Sociology in Medicine, is a sociologist who works directly with physicians and other health staff in studying the social factors that are relevant to the occurrence of health problems or a sociologist trying to deal directly with patient care or for solving problems in public health.

This suggests that social phenomena can be the deciding factor or influence people to deal with diseases or affect their health or other behavior occurs after the illness and disease.

(2) Sociology of Medicine, associated with the organization, values, beliefs against the practice of medicine as a form of human behavior that are within the scope of health services, such as shape health care, human resources to build health, training health workers.

(3) Sociology for medicine related to sociology srtategi methodology developed for the benefit of the health services field. For example the technique of measurement scale Thurstone, Likert, Guttman that helps identify or measure skla attitude. This role also includes mathematical procedures as well as factor analysis and multivariate analysis used by network sociologists in collecting data or explain the results of research.

(4) Sociology from analyzing environmental medicine medicine from a social perspective. For example, how the educational patterns, behaviors, lifestyles of doctors, or ‘socialization’ medical student while attending medical education.

(5) Sociology at medicine is a part that looked more political and ideological orientation related to health. For example, how a treatment structure of ‘Western’ will affect change in treatment patterns as well as changing patterns of community interaction.

(6) Sociology around shows how the sociology of medicine became part of or interact with other disciplines such as anthropology, economics, ethnology, ethics, philosophy, law mapun language.

In analyzing the health situation, health sociology is useful for studying how people seek medical help. In addition, attention sociology of illness behavior generally focused on understanding the population about the symptoms of the disease and the actions deemed appropriate by the values and norms prevailing in society.

Another benefit of health sociology is to analyze the social factors in relation to the aetiology of disease. Other aspects that make sociology useful for medical practice that in addition to pain and physical disability as a social reality as well as medical fact.

Medical sociology also provides an analysis of doctor-patient relationship. It was argued that the association includes a variety of potential conflicts, such conflicts of interest with the interests of patients and family physicians.

Indicators are variables that can be used to evaluate the condition or status and enable the measurement of the changes that occurred over time. An indicator is not always explain the situation as a whole, but often only gives instructions (indication) of the overall situation. Health indicators are measures that describe or indicate the health status of a group of people in certain populations, such as crude death rate.

Population’s health status is usually assessed using a variety of health indicators, which outline is divided into two groups. The first group, which includes an indicator that calculates the number of deaths that occurred during the specified period.

Examples are crude mortality (Crude Death Rate-CDR) and infant mortality rate (IMR-Infant Mortality Rate). Population groups that have a number of low CDR and IMR is said to have better health status compared with population groups CDR and IMR rate is high.

Second group, which includes a variety of health indicators that show the number of people who suffer from disabilities caused by certain diseases. An example is the number of people with AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB), polio, and mental illness. Same with the first group, population groups that have a number of people with AIDS or TB is said to be less healthy when compared with the number of population groups more patients with the disease.

Meanwhile, the public began to question whether the health indicators used today are IMR, CDR, Life expectancy is still suitable as an indicator of population health is called. To be able to assess how much a healthy population can not be used mortality and morbidity of the population. To be able to measure the health status of the right to use the positive indicators (healthy), and not just the negative indicators (illness, death) which is still used today.

WHO recommends that as an indicator of population health must be based on four things as follows:

a. pathofisiologis see whether there is any abnormality in a person,

b. measure one’s physical abilities such as aerobic capacity, endurance, strength and flexibility according to age.

c. assessment of own health

d. Body Mass Index (BMI): B.kg / (T.m2) today began to question the link between low IMR with a healthy baby

Indicators of Healthy Indonesia 2010:

* Indicators of health status which is the final result, which consists of the indicators of mortality, morbidity indicators, and indicators of nutritional status.
Indicators * intermediate results, which consist of indicators of environmental conditions, behavioral indicators of community life, as well as indicators of access and quality of health services
* Indicators of process and input, which consists of health care indicators, the indicators of health resources, health management indicators, and indicators related sectors contributed

Health indicators is our responsibility, not only is the duty of the government. For this reason, the ideals proclaimed Healthy Indonesia. The ideals they represent the state of our nation with people who behave well, living in a healthy environment, and can enjoy equitable health services and quality.

One indicator of success is a healthy behavior that is defined as proactive behavior to maintain and promote health, prevent the risk of disease, protect yourself from the threat of disease, as well as play an active role in public health movement.

Health journal is a scientific journal presents original articles on knowledge and information / research applications and recent development related to health. This journal is a means of publications and events share the research and development work in the field of health.

Progress in the field of telecommunications which enables the relationship between network namely the Internet, has supported the growth of electronic publishing. Various journals, symposia and papers pre-print works from experts published in the electronic edition. And in various areas of science, such as medical journals, medical journal, journal of information technology, and many more, communication technology has enabled the sources of electronic-based information can be obtained at almost the same time as published. Paper-based information, now began to be shifted by the electronic-based information.

Hunting scientific journals on the Internet, are now not a new thing for students. Most of the seekers of this journal, will use the journal as a reference in progress paper, either the coursework or thesis. Currently it is not difficult to find the sources of scientific writing on the internet. Various kinds of journals that discuss the various types of fields of science are available for download, either free or pay. A variety of scientific journals in various areas of science, ranging from medical journals to information technology.

All journals in this internet, prepared by the writing of scientific papers of international standard, so deserve to be as a reference paper in progress. However, most medical journal that have to pay per article. This is what is often a barrier for researchers or medical personnel in Indonesia and other developing countries to obtain essential information and the latest in the world that is badly needed in health education activities, research, and health services.

A medical journal requires very strict rules before an article, to be published in the journal. Terakredetasi scientific journals are maintaining the loading of the article. Accreditation journals starting from D, C, B, and A, and / or international level. For scientists, if the scientific articles in international journals ditebitkan, a sign of their knowledge ‘recognized’.

Function of the Journal of Health are:

1. As the media to disseminate and discuss various scientific papers on health.

2. As a medium for communication among those who have concern for the health sciences and healthcare, among others, the health service such as government and private hospitals, health department, health department.

3. As a media dissemination and development of science and technology in Indonesia.

Through the medical journal, new findings from researchers and scientists are communicated to the public, in order to get a response, developed and refined by other scientists, so that the perfection of his knowledge and truth to be better. The presence of various scientific journals in the academic community is also a long-term investments to accelerate improving human resources.